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''United Automobile Workers v. Johnson Controls, Inc.'' 499 U.S. 187 (1991)〔 (Workers v. Johnson Controls, Inc. ), 499 U.S. 187, 111 S. Ct. 1196, 113 L. Ed. 2d 158 (1991)〕 is a decision by the Supreme Court of the United States establishing that private sector policies which allow men but not women to knowingly work in potentially hazardous occupations is gender discrimination and violates Title VII of the 1964 Civil Rights Act as amended by the Pregnancy Discrimination Act of 1978. At the time the case was heard, it was considered one of the most important sex-discrimination cases since the passage of Title VII. The majority opinion held that that Title VII prohibits gender specific fetal protection policies. Hence based on that statute, the Court decided against Johnson Controls by concluding that the company’s fetal protection policy contravened Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964, as amended by the PDA; and the company's gender-specific rule was biased and inequitable because it permitted fertile men, but not fertile women, to decide whether to work in jobs subjected to lead exposure while manufacturing batteries.〔 〕〔 〕〔 Bernstein, Andrew Evan (1992). "(UAW v. Johnson Controls: A Final Word on Fetal Protection Policies and Their Effect on Women's Rights in Today's Economy )." Hofstra Labor and Employment Law Journal 9.2: 5.〕〔 〕〔 〕〔 Audio files available for the Oral Argument and the Opinion Announcement〕 United Auto Workers (UAW) is the International Union, United Automobile, Aerospace and Agricultural Implement Workers of America, a North American labor organization.〔 〕 ==References== 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「United Automobile Workers v. Johnson Controls, Inc.」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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